Europe Transformed

There are many different things that contributed to the fall of Rome. The fall of Rome is still not completely clear on how it really happened. Even though it happened thousands of years ago, we still aren’t entirely sure. There are many ways that it could have declined and some are more curtain than others but one of the major factors that seen very clear to have contributed would be the high taxes and unstable prices because of the tough economy. The Roman people began to suffer because of the increasing taxes that many could not pay and because they could not pay they would either loss everything or you could be thrown in jail. This was not a good sign for the Roman Empire. Emperor Diocletian was hoping that if he passed a law that would insure that merchants and traders could not raise their prices on goods, this would at least help the citizens who are buying the goods. If any of the merchants were to raise their prices higher than the law then he or she would have to be punished. This punishment usually meant death. This also goes for the people that buy the good from the merchant that is selling the good that is overpriced. Diocletian’s plan did not turn out as he was hoping and instead of things getting better they just got worse.

Another defeat of Rome would be the possibility of the wide spread of disease. Sicknesses could be very harsh in Roman times because of the fact that there were no cures or treatments to help sick people. The Roman Empire was also so widely populated that sickness and disease could spread quickly and easily throughout the Empire. One of the most precious things to Rome would most likely be its military and when their military collapsed in the fifth century things went downhill for Rome. Without their military Rome lost all protection, any chance of gaining any more land, or fight and the thing that would affect them the most would be the lack in protection because they were left extremely vulnerable to any enemies that would try to take any of their resources, land, or citizens. Another theory that historians believe is a reason for the collapse of Rome is the conversion to Christianity that when Constantine converted to a Christian it created an unstable component in the lives of the Roman people.

Even though all of these bad things happened to Rome and seemed to have been the cause of Rome’s defeat, the Roman Empire really began to crash when the once strong Roman Empire split into a Western and Eastern empire.

The life of the Roman people in Western Europe was much different. The citizens had a very difficult time adjusting to what just happed and trying to form a new life. Because of the fall of Rome this did not just affect the people in Rome but the people that interacted with Rome as well. Rome was the center of trade and now because of its collapse trade was never the same from that time forward. As Rome was lost so was its religion and because of the fall of Rome the church did not know what to do…and this marked the beginning of the Dark Ages.

Medicine

Muslims made their most important contributions in the medicine field. They learned a lot from the ancient Greeks, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians and improved this earlier knowledge and also translated Greek medical writing into aridic to help them expand their knowledge. They devoted lots of their time studing and researching about medicine and teaching soon to be doctors and scientists. Muslims had many advances in medicine. They were givin the first hospitals that were established so that they could treat their patients and by the 10th century Baghdad had at least five in their area. They could treat anyone who needed treatment, because the government paid all the medical expenses. They also had caravans to transported medical care to the people that lived in remote villages. The hospitals had many different medicines to treat different pacients and Pharmacists made hundreds of medications. Some to help take the pain away or put pacients to sleep before operations and to do that they would use drugs such as opium and hemlock. But, surgeons only preformed delicate operations as a last option. Because of the Muslim studies and research it has helped other doctors and researches create cures and continue working on different medicines. Like how Europeans later used the Muslim medician work and knowledge to teach their students. Medicine had a very long impact on scientific history because this knowledge was used to help improve the medical practices and was able to help create cures for todays deseases.

Mathmatics

Mathmatic studies were greatly advanced by Muslims and based their work from ideas from India and classical Greece. The scolars in Baghdad used important text from India and Greece and translated them into Aribic to help improve their studies and knowledge. But, they didnt just take them they also added their own contributions after adapting what they learned. One of these scolars was the "the father of algebra", Al-Khwarizmi, who worked in the house of wisdom for nine centuries. And the word algebra actualy comes from one of the books he wrote. Algebra is used to find unknown numbers in an equation. Al-Khwarizmi's algebra book was later translated into Latin and is one of the most important books mathmatics book in European universities. Another one of Al-khwarizmi's texts helped spread Aribic numerals in Europe but, this wouldn't have been able to happen if it wasn't for Indian scholars. Muslims learned their way of writing numbers, fraction, and decimals from the Indian scholars. This also helped with business and trade for Muslims because it made it easier for the people to be able to make calculations and check their work if they need to. But, the Muslims did somthing for the Indians in return by spreading zero, which is an Indian concept. In fact, the word zero comes from an Aribic word that means "somthing empty". Mathmatics had a very long impact on life because it is still a very important part of life, even today. Without numbers we wouldnt be able to express the amount of somthing and it also limits us for a lot of things. Without zero we wouldnt be able to write big numbers or expressing an answer because zero is very important when it comes to calculations. But, even in ancient times people used written symbols for numbers long before anyone thought of using zero.